@prefix ocrer: <http://purl.org/net/OCRe/research.owl#> .
@prefix owl:   <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix scires: <http://vivoweb.org/ontology/scientific-research#> .
@prefix xsd:   <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix skos:  <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix rdfs:  <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix ocresd: <http://purl.org/net/OCRe/study_design.owl#> .
@prefix swo:   <http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/> .
@prefix cito:  <http://purl.org/spar/cito/> .
@prefix geo:   <http://aims.fao.org/aos/geopolitical.owl#> .
@prefix ocresst: <http://purl.org/net/OCRe/statistics.owl#> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix vivo:  <http://vivoweb.org/ontology/core#> .
@prefix event: <http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/event.owl#> .
@prefix vann:  <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> .
@prefix foaf:  <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix c4o:   <http://purl.org/spar/c4o/> .
@prefix fabio: <http://purl.org/spar/fabio/> .
@prefix vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#> .
@prefix thkoeln: <http://cris.nrw/hisinone#> .
@prefix vitro: <http://vitro.mannlib.cornell.edu/ns/vitro/0.7#> .
@prefix vitro-public: <http://vitro.mannlib.cornell.edu/ns/vitro/public#> .
@prefix rdf:   <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix ocresp: <http://purl.org/net/OCRe/study_protocol.owl#> .
@prefix bibo:  <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
@prefix obo:   <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix ro:    <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl#> .

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        rdfs:label  "Institut für Elektrische Energietechnik" ;
        <http://cris.nrw/hisinone/istOrganisationseinheitVon>
                <https://fis.th-koeln.de/vivo/individual/publ_21889> .

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        a       thkoeln:Zitat , owl:Thing .

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        a                         bibo:Collection , bibo:Periodical , owl:Thing , obo:BFO_0000002 , thkoeln:Zeitschrift , obo:BFO_0000001 , obo:BFO_0000031 , bibo:Journal , obo:IAO_0000030 ;
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        a           owl:Class ;
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<https://fis.th-koeln.de/vivo/individual/11000126>
        a           thkoeln:Organisationseinheit , foaf:Agent , obo:BFO_0000001 , obo:BFO_0000004 , obo:BFO_0000002 , foaf:Organization , owl:Thing ;
        rdfs:label  "Cologne Institute for Renewable Energy" ;
        <http://cris.nrw/hisinone/istOrganisationseinheitVon>
                <https://fis.th-koeln.de/vivo/individual/publ_21889> .

<https://fis.th-koeln.de/vivo/individual/publ_21889>
        a                         obo:BFO_0000002 , foaf:Document , thkoeln:Artikel , obo:BFO_0000031 , obo:BFO_0000001 , bibo:Document , obo:IAO_0000030 , owl:Thing , thkoeln:Journalartikel , thkoeln:Publikation ;
        rdfs:label                "Biochar from Lignocellulosic and Microalgae Biomass: Properties and Potential for Emerging Photovoltaic Devices" , "RDF description of Biochar from Lignocellulosic and Microalgae Biomass: Properties and Potential for Emerging Photovoltaic Devices - https://fis.th-koeln.de/vivo/individual/publ_21889" ;
        thkoeln:artikelnummer     "102099" ;
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        thkoeln:sprache           "englisch" ;
        thkoeln:status            "validiert" ;
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                <https://fis.th-koeln.de/vivo/individual/FF_001> ;
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                <https://fis.th-koeln.de/vivo/individual/11000126> , <https://fis.th-koeln.de/vivo/individual/10000135> ;
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                <http://cris.nrw/hisinone/RessourceText> ;
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                <https://fis.th-koeln.de/vivo/individual/cite_21889-1> , <https://fis.th-koeln.de/vivo/individual/cite_21889-2> , <https://fis.th-koeln.de/vivo/individual/cite_21889-0> ;
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                <http://cris.nrw/hisinone/OpenAccess> ;
        <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date>
                "2026-09-03T13:56:35"^^xsd:dateTime ;
        <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/publisher>
                <https://fis.th-koeln.de/vivo> ;
        <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights>
                <https://fis.th-koeln.de/vivo/termsOfUse> ;
        bibo:abstract             "This review investigates biomass-derived carbons as sustainable materials for photovoltaic (PV) applications. The work links their physical and chemical properties, such as porosity, conductivity, and surface chemistry to the performance of PVs. The results show that nitrogen- and oxygen-rich biochars can act as efficient electrodes, charge transport layers, and interfacial modifiers. Biomass-employed PVs achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 23%. Key circular economy (CE) aspects, including sustainability, toxicity, environmental safety, and the need for rigorous life cycle assessment (LCA) were addressed. Carbon-based electrodes may reduce selected environmental burdens by lowering reliance on precious metals and fossil-derived carbon materials. Comparative LCA evidence shows that the net benefit depends on feedstock selection, pyrolysis and activation energy demand, fabrication route, device lifetime, and end-of-life (EoL) recovery. Microalgae-derived carbons show high potential due to their original nitrogen content and CO                ₂                capture ability. However, their ash content and activation process still require optimization. The review outlines a framework for integrating biochar into circular PV technologies and provides recommendations for designing recyclable and environmentally safe biomass-employed PVs." ;
        bibo:doi                  "10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102099" ;
        bibo:volume               "31" ;
        vitro:mostSpecificType    thkoeln:Journalartikel ;
        vivo:dateTimeValue        <http://cris.nrw/date2026> ;
        vivo:freetextKeyword      "Circular Economy" , "Charge Transport Layers" , "Biomass-derived Carbons" , "Photovoltaic Applications" , "Biochar" ;
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