@prefix ocrer: . @prefix owl: . @prefix scires: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix skos: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix ocresd: . @prefix swo: . @prefix cito: . @prefix geo: . @prefix ocresst: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix vivo: . @prefix event: . @prefix vann: . @prefix foaf: . @prefix c4o: . @prefix fabio: . @prefix vcard: . @prefix thkoeln: . @prefix vitro: . @prefix vitro-public: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix ocresp: . @prefix bibo: . @prefix obo: . @prefix ro: . obo:BFO_0000031 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Bedingter Kontinuant"@de-DE , "Generically Dependent Continuant"@en-US , "Generically Dependent Continuant"@en . . a obo:BFO_0000001 , obo:BFO_0000020 , vivo:Authorship , vivo:Relationship , obo:BFO_0000002 , owl:Thing ; vivo:relates . a , owl:NamedIndividual , owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "Open Access"@en-US , "Open Access"@de-DE . a thkoeln:Zitat , owl:Thing . obo:BFO_0000002 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Kontinuant"@de-DE , "Continuant"@en-US , "Continuant"@en . a obo:BFO_0000003 , obo:BFO_0000008 , obo:BFO_0000001 , vivo:DateTimeValue , obo:BFO_0000148 , owl:Thing . thkoeln:Artikel a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Artikel"@de-DE , "Article"@en-US . a obo:BFO_0000001 , obo:BFO_0000020 , vivo:Authorship , vivo:Relationship , obo:BFO_0000002 , owl:Thing ; vivo:relates . a thkoeln:Zitat , owl:Thing . obo:BFO_0000001 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Entität"@de-DE , "Entity"@en-US , "Entity"@en . a thkoeln:Organisationseinheit , foaf:Agent , obo:BFO_0000001 , obo:BFO_0000004 , obo:BFO_0000002 , foaf:Organization , owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "Institut für Angewandte Optik und Elektronik" ; . a owl:NamedIndividual , , owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "Text"@de-DE , "Text"@en-US . a obo:BFO_0000001 , obo:BFO_0000020 , vivo:Authorship , vivo:Relationship , obo:BFO_0000002 , owl:Thing ; vivo:relates . bibo:Document a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Dokument"@de-DE , "Document"@en-US , "Document"@en . owl:Thing a owl:Class . thkoeln:Journalartikel a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Journal Article"@en-US , "Journalartikel"@de-DE . a obo:BFO_0000001 , obo:BFO_0000020 , vivo:Authorship , vivo:Relationship , obo:BFO_0000002 , owl:Thing ; vivo:relates . a thkoeln:Journalartikel , obo:BFO_0000031 , bibo:Document , obo:BFO_0000002 , thkoeln:Publikation , obo:IAO_0000030 , obo:BFO_0000001 , owl:Thing , foaf:Document , thkoeln:Artikel ; rdfs:label "Design of Hardware Accelerators for Optimized and Quantized Neural Networks to Detect Atrial Fibrillation in Patch ECG Device with RISC-V" , "RDF description of Design of Hardware Accelerators for Optimized and Quantized Neural Networks to Detect Atrial Fibrillation in Patch ECG Device with RISC-V - https://fis.th-koeln.de/vivo/individual/publ_20302" ; thkoeln:URL "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2703" ; thkoeln:artikelnummer "2703" ; thkoeln:dokumententyp "Wissenschaftlicher Artikel" ; thkoeln:peerReviewed "true" ; thkoeln:sprache "englisch" ; thkoeln:status "validiert" ; ; ; ; , , ; ; "2026-04-03T23:49:30"^^xsd:dateTime ; ; ; bibo:abstract "Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common heart arrhythmias. It is known to cause up to 15% of all strokes. In current times, modern detection systems for arrhythmias, such as single-use patch electrocardiogram (ECG) devices, have to be energy efficient, small, and affordable. In this work, specialized hardware accelerators were developed. First, an artificial neural network (NN) for the detection of AF was optimized. Special attention was paid to the minimum requirements for the inference on a RISC-V-based microcontroller. Hence, a 32-bit floating-point-based NN was analyzed. To reduce the silicon area needed, the NN was quantized to an 8-bit fixed-point datatype (Q7). Based on this datatype, specialized accelerators were developed. Those accelerators included single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) hardware as well as accelerators for activation functions such as sigmoid and hyperbolic tangents. To accelerate activation functions that require the e-function as part of their computation (e.g., softmax), an e-function accelerator was implemented in the hardware. To compensate for the losses of quantization, the network was expanded and optimized for run-time and memory requirements. The resulting NN has a 7.5% lower run-time in clock cycles (cc) without the accelerators and 2.2 percentage points (pp) lower accuracy compared to a floating-point-based net, while requiring 65% less memory. With the specialized accelerators, the inference run-time was lowered by 87.2% while the F1-Score decreased by 6.1 pp. Implementing the Q7 accelerators instead of the floating-point unit (FPU), the silicon area needed for the microcontroller in 180 nm-technology is below 1 mm2." ; bibo:doi "10.3390/s23052703" ; bibo:issue "5" ; bibo:volume "23" ; vitro:mostSpecificType thkoeln:Journalartikel ; vivo:dateTimeValue ; vivo:freetextKeyword "Quantization" , "Atrial Fibrillation" , "Neural Networks" , "RISC-V" , "Artificial Intelligence" ; vivo:hasPublicationVenue ; vivo:relatedBy , , , , , , . obo:IAO_0000030 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Entität für Informationsinhalt"@de-DE , "Information Content Entity"@en-US , "Information Content Entity"@en . a bibo:Periodical , bibo:Collection , obo:BFO_0000031 , obo:BFO_0000002 , obo:IAO_0000030 , bibo:Journal , owl:Thing , obo:BFO_0000001 , thkoeln:Zeitschrift ; rdfs:label "Sensors" ; vivo:publicationVenueFor . a obo:BFO_0000001 , obo:BFO_0000020 , vivo:Authorship , vivo:Relationship , obo:BFO_0000002 , owl:Thing ; vivo:relates . a obo:BFO_0000001 , obo:BFO_0000020 , vivo:Authorship , vivo:Relationship , obo:BFO_0000002 , owl:Thing ; vivo:relates . a obo:BFO_0000001 , obo:BFO_0000020 , vivo:Authorship , vivo:Relationship , obo:BFO_0000002 , owl:Thing ; vivo:relates . a thkoeln:Zitat , owl:Thing . thkoeln:Publikation a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Publikationen"@de-DE , "Publications"@en-US .