Einsatz mobiler Messtechnik und Entwicklung automatisierter Auswertemethoden für elektrische Energieflüsse im gewerblichen Bereich

Despite rising electricity costs, there is still considerable potential for savings in the commercial sector. To realise this potential, details of energy and load flows are essential. The use of metering technology provides the necessary data transparency for efficiency analyses and audits. However, small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) are characterised by a heterogeneous structure. This has so far prevented the development of a standardised methodology for the systematic use of mobile metering technology and the analysis of the resulting data. To reduce the time and cost of using mobile measurement technology, it is also necessary to automate data analysis. However, to date there are no standardised approaches for the automated analysis of short-term measurements. Against this background, this study develops a systematic approach for the use of mobile measurement technology and automated evaluation methods for electrical energy flows in the commercial sector. The aim is to increase data transparency in SMEs and public buildings through detailed electricity consumption measurements to identify and implement optimisation and cost reduction potentials. The work is divided into two core parts. The investigation of case studies in SME and public buildings to develop a measurement concept and the automated evaluation of the associated measurement data in an analysis concept. The case studies will be used to test the feasibility and standardisation of the approach in different sectors and company sizes. From a scientific point of view, the focus is not on analysing individual cases, but on developing general measurement and audit methods. The results of the work show that the measurement concept can be applied regardless of the sector, size or level of observation (whole company or individual systems). The scaling of the metering equipment allows to measure up to 24 three-phase electrical consumers simultaneously. The defined hierarchical levels of electrical distribution and measurement priorities ensure flexible use of the mobile measurement technology. However, the measurement campaigns also revealed practical limitations due to structural conditions or limited measurement equipment. Nevertheless, the measurement concept developed enables the systematic use of mobile measurement technology in SME and public buildings. The analysis concept includes the development of standardised data analyses. A distinction can be made between disaggregation analyses, which provide a transparent breakdown of electricity consumption, and calculation methods for characterising load profiles. The latter include new statistical parameters for assessing the load and operating behaviour of electrical consumers. The parameters can be used to identify and evaluate base-load consumers that are in continuous operation or peak-load consumers that contribute significantly to the total peak load. All analyses are assigned to specific steps of analysis in a data analysis plan and evaluated according to their relevance. The approach developed in this thesis offers opportunities for managers of large building portfolios and providers of metering services. Metering technology can be used more efficiently and flexibly in the commercial sector, improving audit procedures and efficiency analysis. In addition, companies benefit from detailed insight into their electricity consumption. On this basis, they can take appropriate efficiency measures. The results of this work contribute to established methods of efficiency analysis and energy optimisation in the commercial sector. Energy audits and procedures for the energy evaluation of non-residential buildings, such as VDI 3807 or DIN V 18599, can be improved by the systematic collection of real measured data based on mobile measurement technology. Instead of demand-oriented characteristics and extrapolation methods, real-time measurement data is used to determine the actual energy status.